Bipolar

Bipolar general fuzzy automata

In this paper, we define the notion of a bipolar general fuzzy automaton, then we construct some closure operators on the set of states of a bipolar general fuzzy automaton. Also, we construct some topologies on the set of states of a bipolar general fuzzy automaton. Then we obtain some relationships between them.

Bipolar Disorder 3 Treatment of bipolar disorder

We review recent developments in the acute and long-term treatment of bipolar disorder and identify promising future routes to therapeutic innovation. Overall, advances in drug treatment remain quite modest. Antipsychotic drugs are effective in the acute treatment of mania; their efficacy in the treatment of depression is variable with the clearest evidence for quetiapine. Despite their widespr...

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar electrochemistry.

A bipolar electrode (BPE) is an electrically conductive material that promotes electrochemical reactions at its extremities (poles) even in the absence of a direct ohmic contact. More specifically, when sufficient voltage is applied to an electrolyte solution in which a BPE is immersed, the potential difference between the BPE and the solution drives oxidation and reduction reactions. Because n...

Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder's unique combination of three characteristics - clear genetic diathesis, distinctive clinical features, early availability of an effective treatment (lithium) - explains its special place in the history of psychiatry and its contribution to the current explosive growth of neuroscience. This article looks at the state of the art in bipolar disorder from the vantage point of: (i)...